A fundamental principle in green chemistry is atom economy (AE). AE is a measure of how many

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A fundamental principle in green chemistry is atom economy (AE). AE is a measure of how many atoms from the starting materials are incorporated into the desired product. For example, if a reaction incorporates all the reactant atoms into the product of interest, the reaction has a percent AE of 100%. To obtain percent AE for a reaction, we calculate the mass of the desired product that can be formed from a stoichiometric mixture of reactants, and compare this mass with the total mass of that reaction mixture. (In a stoichiometric mixture of reactants, none of the reactants are present in excess; the mole amounts are in the same ratio as the stoichiometric coefficients).

% AE = mass (mp) of the desired product P total mass of a stoichiometric mixture of reactants X 100

The prime (') on the symbol for the mass of the desired product serves to remind us that this mass is calculated for a stoichiometric mixture of reactants. Use the definition above to calculate the percent AE for the following reactions, both of which can be used to make C6H5NH2, the desired product.

C6H6 + (CH3)3SiN3 + 2 F3CSO3H + NaOH → C6H5NH2 + N2 + (CH3)3SiOSO2CF3 + NaF3CSO3 + H2O

C6H6 + HNO3 + 3 H2 → C6H5NH2 + 3 H2O

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General Chemistry Principles And Modern Applications

ISBN: 9780132931281

11th Edition

Authors: Ralph Petrucci, Jeffry Madura, F. Herring, Carey Bissonnette

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