Michael’s Incorporated reported the following tax information for its first 3 years of operations.

Michael’s operates in a jurisdiction that allows carrybacks for two years and unlimited carryforwards. Assume that in 2022, there are no uncertainties regarding the realization of the NOL carryforward benefits. All tax rates were enacted at the beginning of the year. No tax rate changes are known until the year of change.

Required

Based on the information provided,

a. Determine the amount of any refund receivable from the 2022 NOL. In addition, indicate the amount of the tax benefits related to the NOL carryforward. Prepare any journal entries required in the year of the loss.

b. What is the after-tax net income or loss reported on the 2022 income statement?

c. Compute the amount of any tax due in 2023.

d. Determine the balance of the NOL carryforward benefits remaining at the end of 2023.

e. Determine the income tax expense reported for 2023 and prepare the journal entry needed to record the 2023 tax provision.

f. Repeat parts (a) and (b) assuming that management has negative evidence indicating that the firm will realize only 70% of the NOL carryforward benefits over the carryforward period.

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Year 2017 2018 2019 Taxable Income or Loss $ 400,000 (900,000) 1,200,000 Income Tax Rate (%) 34% 36 40