A study published in 2009 (Goldstein et al., 2009) involved a sample of 499 adults selected from various regions across the country of Israel. These adults were approached by interviewers in public gathering areas and asked to complete a survey about whether or not they read while using the toilet. The researchers found that 263 of the 499 adults responded that they do read while using the toilet.
a. Calculate the sample proportion who responded that they read while using the toilet.
b. Is this proportion a parameter or a statistic? Explain, and indicate the appropriate symbol to represent this proportion.
c. Sketch a graph to display the data gathered from the study. What kind of graph did you sketch?
d. Assuming half of all persons in Israel read while using the toilet, describe how to calculate a p-value from these data. Use the simulation-based One Proportion applet to calculate an approximate p-value. Based on this p-value, would you conclude that the population proportion who read while using the toilet diff ers from 12? Explain.

e. To what population do you feel comfortable generalizing the results of this study? For example, would you generalize the results to all adults in Israel? How about all adults in the world, or in another country such as the U.S.? Explain.