An eight-year cohort study of 3,454 initially disease-free men and women (ages around 60 years or more) recorded the extent of physical activity the participants engaged in and whether or not they were showing signs of €œhealthy aging€ (British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013). Here is the table of summarized counts at the conclusion of the study:

a. Is this an experiment or an observational study? How are you deciding?

b. Identify the observational units.

c. Identify the explanatory and response variables. Also, for each variable, identify whether it is categorical or quantitative.

d. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.

e. Describe how one might use everyday items (for example, coins, dice, cards, etc.) to conduct a tactile simulation-based test of the hypotheses. Be sure to clearly describe how the p-value will be computed from the simulation.

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Activity level Inactive Moderate Vigorous Total Yes 665 55 345 265 Healthy aging? No 2,789 598 1,347 844 1,692 1,109 3,454 Total 653