Recall the previous exercises about estimating energy expenditure. Previously you carried out a theory-based matched pairs test to investigate whether, on average, men in the study significantly overestimated or underestimated their EE. Here are a few more summary statistics.

a. Use the Theory-Based Inference applet to carry out a test for two independent means. Report the standardized statistic and p-value for this test.
b. Use the Theory-Based Inference applet to find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between two independent means.
c. Explain how the p-value and 95% confidence interval reported in parts (a) and (b) correspond to those reported in the previous exercise.
d. While the analysis you conducted in parts (a) and (b) is the €œwrong€ analysis, explain what it suggests about the effectiveness of pairing in this study.

Data from previous exercise

How many calories do you think you burn or expend with 60 minutes of walking on the treadmill? An article that appeared in the American Journal of Men€™s Health (2010) presented the results of a study conducted by researchers Harris and George, whose objective was to evaluate how accurately men can estimate their energy expenditure (EE) as measured in kilocalories (kcal). Eighty normal-weight and overweight male participants, ages 21€“45 years, were recruited from a large, urban university in South Florida. During one session, each participant was made to walk for 60 minutes on a treadmill, and their actual EE was calculated. Aft er they had completed the task, each participant was asked to estimate the number of calories they burned during the task. A summary of the results are shown in the following table.

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Sample SD (kcal) Sample Sample average (kcal) size Estimated X, = 411 X, = 282 80 80 S, = 505.70 Se Actual 44.70 Sa 80 Difference = Estimated – Actual Xa = 129 393.50 80 Sample Sample average (kcal) SD (kcal) Sample size Difference Estimated – Actual Xa = 129 Sa = 393.50 80