Refer to Example 14 concerning suspended solids in effluent from a treatment plant. Take the square root of each of the measurements and then take the difference.

(a) Construct a \(95 \%\) confidence interval for \(\mu_{D}\).

(b) Conduct a level \(\alpha=0.05\) level test of \(H_{0}: \mu_{D}=\) 0 against a two-sided alternative. Verify that the conclusion is the same as that obtained from the confidence interval.

(c) Make a dot diagram of these differences and decide if the transformation has essentially removed the outliers.

Data From Example 14

Data From Example 13

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EXAMPLE 14 Exploring the form of dependence With reference Example 13, find a pattern in the departure from independence.