Using the axioms of probability, prove the following: a. For any event A, P(A c ) =

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Using the axioms of probability, prove the following:

a. For any event A, P(Ac) = 1 −P(A).

b. The probability of the empty set is zero, i.e., P(∅) = 0.

c. For any event A, P(A) ≤ 1.

d. P(A −B) = P(A) −P(A ∩ B).

e. P(A ∪ B) = P(A) +P(B) −P(A ∩ B), (inclusion-exclusion principle for n = 2).

f. If A ⊂ B then P(A) ≤ P(B).

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