Based on your knowledge of the relation of the t and F distributions, complete the accompanying software output tables. The table for the independent-samples t test and the table for the one-way between-groups ANOVA were calculated using the identical ficti onal data comparing grade point averages (GPAs). 

a. What is the F statistic? Show your calculations. 

b. What is the t statistic? Show your calculations. 

c. In statistical software output, €œSig.€ refers to the actual p level of the statistic. We can compare the actual p level to a cutoff p level such as 0.05 to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. For the t test, what is the €œSig.€? Explain how you determined this.

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Independent Samples Test t-test for Equality of Means Standard Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2-tailed) df Mean Difference Lower Upper GPA 82 -.28251 .12194 -.52508 -.03993 ANOVA Sum of Mean Square GPA Squares df Sig. Between groups 4.623 4.623 .005 Within groups 42.804 82 .522 Total 47.427 83 LL Independent Samples Test Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval of the Sig. (2- tailed) Mean df Difference Difference Difference Lower -17500 26930 -72664 Upper 37664 CFC scores -.650 28 .521 ANOVA CFC Scores Sum of Squares df Mean Square Sig. Between Groups .204 .204 .422 .521 Within Groups 13.538 28 .483 Total 13.742 29 Group Statistics Standard Standard Error Mean Major CFC Scores Mean Deviation Other 10 3.2000 .88819 28087 Social Science 3.3750 .58208 .13016