Pick one of the leadership dilemmas from Table 3.2. Identify additional issues posed by the dilemma. Describe some challenges a leader might face in attempting to address them.

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Dimension Dilemma Difference and Diversity Lived Experiences Social and Member Perceptions Social Identities Organizations Between-group differences are small but significant. Focus on universals tends to ignore differences. Leadership influenced by cultural values, lived experience, and social identity. These include acculturation, oppression, discrimination, and privilege. Perceptions create both illogical and biased expectations of leaders. Aversive racism and sexism In-groups versus out-groups Heterogeneous versus homogeneous Majority versus minority Challenge Avoid stereotyping of differences Managing and valuing differences in lived experiences Promote images of credible leaders Avoid poor performance appraisals based on social identities rather than leadership performance Intergroup (mis)communication Address structural and functional purposes of organizations