Decades ago, holiday lights were wired in series, so that if one bulb in a string burned out, all the lights in the string went dark because the burned-out bulb interrupted the circuit. Today's lights are wired at least partially in parallel, so that if one light goes out, many others in the string remain lit. In which circuits in Figure P31.22 does one bulb burning out leave all other bulbs lit? In which does one bulb burning out cause one or more of the other bulbs to go out?

Data from Figure P31.22

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(a) (b) e e (c)