Statistics teacher Jason Molesky contacted Mars, Inc., to ask about the color distribution for Skittles candies. Here is an excerpt from the response he received: “The original flavor blend for the Skittles Bite Size Candies is lemon, green apple, orange, strawberry and grape. They were chosen as a result of consumer preference tests we conducted. The flavor blend is 20 percent of each flavor.”

a. State appropriate hypotheses for a significance test of the company’s claim.

b. Find the expected counts for a random sample of 60 candies.

c. How large a χ² test statistic would you need to have significant evidence against the company’s claim at the α = 0.05 level? At the α = 0.01 level?

d. Create a set of observed counts for a random sample of 60 candies that gives a P-value between 0.01 and 0.05. Show the calculation of your chi-square test statistic.