Questions 1-2 refer to the following passage.

According to the passage, why does Madison believe it necessary to check a faction?

a. Madison considered factions to be detrimental to the common welfare.

b. Madison thought factions were a way to encourage population growth.

c. Madison relied on factions to support the republican style of government.

d. Madison accepted factions as a consequence of allowing people to participate in government.

e. Madison surmissed that factions would likely be run by his political adversaries.

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In The Federalist Number Ten, James Madi- son forewarned against the dangers of fac- tions-groups of people with a common interest Line adverse to the overall good of the nation, what (5) today are referred to as "special interest groups." Madison described two hypothetical ways to check a faction: Either eliminate the causes or mitigate the effects of the faction. To eliminate the causes, the government would either have (10) to make all people perfectly equal, an impos- sible goal, or take away people's liberty and thus defeat the purpose of having a republican form of government. Madison argued, alterna- tively, for ameliorating the effects of factions by (15) enlarging the population of the country and thus diluting their influence. If there are a sufficient number of diverse peoples, it will be difficult for a majority to share a common interest at the same time.