Questions 12-15 refer to the following passage.

It can be inferred from the passage that zooxanthellae are

a. Able to use camouflage to blend into their surroundings

b. Dependent on carbon dioxide

c. Unable to live without coral hosts

d. Considered parasitical to coral

e. Unnecessary for the continued survival of coral

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Scientists are growing increasingly concerned that coral, which grows abundantly in the circumtropical shallow waters near bodies of Line land, is evincing a paling, or bleaching effect. (5) Though experts are still at odds over what has precipitated this event, most agree that it is a stress response to changes in habitat and water quality, including temperature variations and sali- nation percentage, and predict a loss of (10) 95 percent of existing coral populations.