In early 2018, Ford Motor ( F ) had a book value of equity of $34.9 billion, 4.0 billion shares outstanding, and a market price of $12.50 per share. Ford also had cash of $38.9 billion, and total debt of $154.3 billion. Four years later, in early 2022, Ford had a book value of equity of $48.5 billion, 4.0 billion shares outstanding with a market price of $21 per share, cash of $49.6 billion, and total debt of $138.1 billion. Over this period, what was the change in Ford’s

a. market capitalization?

b. market-to-book ratio?

c. enterprise value?