The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), named after its developer Katherine Berg, is a popular clinical test of a person's static and dynamic balance abilities. It is scored on a scale of 0 to 56; the higher the value, the better the score. The cut-off score is 45, which means that a score less than 45 indicates a greater risk of falling. The file BBS_Older contains data for 20 older patients at a hospital:

a. Compute the mean and median.

b. Compute the variance, standard deviation, range, coefficient of variation, and Z scores. Are there any outliers? Explain.

c. Are the data skewed? If so, how?

d. A physiotherapist meets with one of the researchers who gathered this data and asks what BBS values she can expect in case of her older patients. The researcher replies “Almost certainly less than 40.” Based on the results of (a) through (c), evaluate the accuracy of this statement.

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43 40 32 38 32 34 46 33 39 34 48 42 9 49 40 40 35 40 40 39