1) What motivated Tiberius Gracchus to act as he did? Was he a revolutionary at heart? Additionally, was the use of violence against the Gracchi justified? If not, what other avenues of opposition were open to the Senate?

2) What motivations can you discern for the actions of Marius and Sulla? How different or similar were they? Was Sulla a revolutionary at heart, or conservative? Could Sulla’s restoration have been successful, or was the old Republic already too far gone?

3) What benefits were there in alliance for Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar? Could the Senate have prevented the formation of the First Triumvirate? Was the breakdown of the First Triumvirate inevitable? If so, why? If not, why not?

4) What does Octavian’s rise to prominence tell us about Roman society and the politics of the late Republic? What features of Roman republican politics strike you as the most important for understanding why the system collapsed and led to the institution of monarchy?

5) What were the essential characteristics of the Augustan Participate? Despite being a sham, how did Augustus sell his position to the Roman nobility and populace? Why did these parties buy into the fabrications of the Participate?

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Question 1 The initial motivation for reforms experienced by Tiberius was in his journey to Spain in the year 137BCE with intents of serving his quaestership Fitzhugh 1220 Here Tiberius saw at firstha... View the full answer