An educational psychologist wants to check the claim that regular physical exercise improves academic achievement. To control for academic aptitude, pairs of college students with similar GPAs are randomly assigned to either a treatment group that attends daily exercise classes or a control group. At the end of the experiment, the following GPAs are reported for the seven pairs of participants:

Using t, test the null hypothesis at the .01 level of significance. Specify the p-value for this test result.

If appropriate (because the test result is statistically significant), use Cohen's d to estimate the effect size.

How might this test result be reported in the literature?

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PAIR PHYSICAL EXERCISE NUMBER 1234567 2 3 5 (X₂) 4.00 2.67 3.65 2.11 3.21 3.60 2.80 GPAS NO PHYSICAL EXERCISE (x₂) 3.75 2.74 3.42 1.67 3.00 3.25 2.65 PAIR PHYSICAL EXERCISE NUMBER 1234567 2 3 5 (X₂) 4.00 2.67 3.65 2.11 3.21 3.60 2.80 GPAS NO PHYSICAL EXERCISE (x₂) 3.75 2.74 3.42 1.67 3.00 3.25 2.65

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