1. Compare a "Command and Control" culture of an organization to a "Collaborative" Culture. What are the characteristics of each and the advantages of each? 2. We learned that information technology can help businesses achieve one or more "strategic business objectives." List 3 Strategic Business Objectives which Amazon has achieved through the use of technology and explain how Amazon has applied technology to achieve those objectives. 3. What are 4 reasons that organizations resist change to a new information system? 4. List and briefly describe 4 of the 5 business organization structures discussed in class. 5. List and briefly describe 4 competitive threats to a business 6. List and briefly describe 4 strategies for dealing with competitive threats to a business. 7. In our lecture on the evolution of information technology from 1960 to today. We could not help but marvel at the advances in recent years. Power, speed, and capacity increase at an ever- increasing rate and cost decreases at an ever-increasing rate. Our textbook explains that we can attribute this to 3 "laws" and 2 significant factors. Name and discuss at least 3 of those laws/factors. 8. You are the IT director of a company. You are preparing the information systems plan for the next 3 years in which you plan to update or replace many of the company's systems. You must decide whether to run the new systems on the in-house computer hardware or to move the processing to a public cloud service. List at least 3 advantages of each alternative (i.e. in-house vs public cloud) 9. Implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a very lengthy and expensive process. Discuss the justification for replacing a company's traditional legacy systems with an ERP system. 10. In our class discussion on Data Bases, we learned that there are several significant drawbacks to the traditional file structure. List and briefly describe five (5) advantages of a Database Management System (DBMS) compared to the traditional file structure. 11. List and briefly describe the benefits of a Data Dictionary. 12. Describe how a "Relational Database" makes use of relationships among the various entities to improve the quality of the data and the efficiency of data storage and retrieval. 13. When using the internet, we use browsers and search engines. 1) Describe the function of each. 2) State where each resides (i.e. on your device or on an external device or system). 3) Name at least one example of a browser and of a search engine. 14. In our class on computer networks, we learned that data and information travel through computer networks and through the internet using "Packet Switching" technology. a. What is the primary reason packet switching is used in data networks? b. Briefly explain the process of packet switching. 15. A local area network (LAN) can be either a client-server network or a peer-to-peer network. a. What is the difference between a client-server network and a peer-to-peer network? b. When would it be most appropriate to use a client-server network? c. When would it be most appropriate to use a peer-to-peer network? 16. An organization's investment in collaboration tools along with a collaborative culture can yield huge benefits. List and explain 3 ways in which an organization benefits from effective collaboration.

17. Two major collaboration platforms are gaining great acceptance by business organizations in the past few years. They are SLACK and Microsoft Teams. What features do both of them offer and how are they superior to the collaboration tools that were available previously? 18. List and describe the 5 steps in the process of ethical decision making 19. In our discussion of data base management, we contrasted the "Logical View" and the "Physical View" of a data base. Describe each. 20. The "Domain Name System" (DNS) is critical to the World Wide Web. a. What is the DNS? b. How does it work? c. Why is it so critical? 21. As a Chief Information Officer (CIO) there are times when it very beneficial to contract for assistance from a consulting or software services firm. Discuss the types of circumstance that would justify the contracting for outside services. 22. As a Chief Information Officer (CIO) overseeing the development and implementation of a new application system, you will be faced with choosing between implementing an existing software package from a software vendor or developing a custom system. What are the pros and cons of each approach? 23. As a Chief Information Officer (CIO) overseeing the implementation of a new application system, you will be faced with choosing between a proprietary software package from a vendor or using an existing open-source software system. What are the pros and cons of each option? 24. A new technology that is proving very valuable in applications that must be very secure, such as cryptocurrency and medical records, is "Blockchain Technology." Blockchain technology combines three features to virtually guaranty that data of critical transactions are not altered. List and briefly describe the three features of a blockchain that assure that transactions are not altered. 25. Effective data management requires a data dictionary. What is a data dictionary and why is it critical to effective data management? 26. What is meant by the term "Normalizing a data base?" 27. When discussing the information needs of management in an organization, we considered three distinct levels of management, operations management, middle management, and senior management. Each level of management makes different types of decisions and requires different types of information systems to support its decision making. a. What types of decisions does operations management make and what do we call information systems to support operations managers? b. What types of decisions does middle management make and what do we call information systems to support middle managers? c. What types of decisions does senior management make and what do we call information systems to support senior management? 28. Regarding the storage and use of personal and private information there are two models: the Opt-in model and the Opt-out model. Briefly describe the Opt-in and the Opt-out models. 29. In our class on ethical and social issues, we identified six (6) ethical principles. a. What is the Golden Rule principle? b. What is the Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative? c. What is the Slippery Slope Rule? d. What is the Utilitarian principle?