(a) A 5.5-kW, grid-connected rooftop solar PV system consists of 24 NanoSolar Utility 230 given in...

  

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(a) A 5.5-kW, grid-connected rooftop solar PV system consists of 24 NanoSolar Utility 230 given in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Determine a possible series/parallel combination solar modules and an inverter. The specifications of the module and the inverter are of the modules that would match the PVs to the inverter. Make sure that the input voltage and current to the inverter are within the design specifications. (9 marks) (b) Determine the following for a NanoSolar Utility 230 Solar module at 1-sun when the ambient temperature is 40C. (1) Cell temperature (i) Maximum output power (iii) Open circuit voltage (iv) Short circuit current. (4x2 = 8 marks) (c) Suppose a single NanoSolar Utility 230 solar module is used to charge an ideal 24-V battery through a buck-boost converter. Determine the duty cycle of the converter to deliver the maximum power to the battery when the module is operating at standard test conditions. How many amperes will it deliver to the battery under those conditions? (8 marks) Table-3: PV module performance data under standard test condition (1 kW/m, AM1.5, 25C cell temperature) Manufacturer SunPower Model Yingli First Solar NanoSolar Sharp Material E20/435 YGE 245 FS Series 3 Utility 230 NS-F135G5 Panel efficiency c-Si mc-Si CdTe CIGS a-Si Rated voltage VMPP (V) Rated power PMPP (Wp) 20.1% 15.6% 12.2% 11.6% 9.6% 435 245 87.5 230 135 72.9 Rated current /MPP (A) 30.2 49.2 40.2 47 5.97 8.11 1.78 6 2.88 Open-circuit voltage Voc (V) 85.6 37.8 61 50.7 61.3 Short-circuit current /sc (A) 6.43 8.63 1.98 6.7 3.41 NOCT (C) 45 46 45 47 45 Temp. Coeff. of Pmax (%/K) -0.38 -0.45 -0.25 -0.39 -0.24 Temp. Coeff. Voc (%/K) -0.27 -0.33 -0.27 -0.30 -0.30 Temp. Coeff. Isc(%/K) Dimensions (m) 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.07 2.07 x 1.05 1.65 x 0.99 1.20 x 0.60 1.93 x 1.03 1.40 x 1.00 Weight (kg) 25.4 26.8 15 34.7 26 Table-4: Inverter specification Maximum AC power Input voltage range for MPP Maximum input voltage Maximum input current 6,000 W 300-500 V 550 V 24 A (a) A 5.5-kW, grid-connected rooftop solar PV system consists of 24 NanoSolar Utility 230 given in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Determine a possible series/parallel combination solar modules and an inverter. The specifications of the module and the inverter are of the modules that would match the PVs to the inverter. Make sure that the input voltage and current to the inverter are within the design specifications. (9 marks) (b) Determine the following for a NanoSolar Utility 230 Solar module at 1-sun when the ambient temperature is 40C. (1) Cell temperature (i) Maximum output power (iii) Open circuit voltage (iv) Short circuit current. (4x2 = 8 marks) (c) Suppose a single NanoSolar Utility 230 solar module is used to charge an ideal 24-V battery through a buck-boost converter. Determine the duty cycle of the converter to deliver the maximum power to the battery when the module is operating at standard test conditions. How many amperes will it deliver to the battery under those conditions? (8 marks) Table-3: PV module performance data under standard test condition (1 kW/m, AM1.5, 25C cell temperature) Manufacturer SunPower Model Yingli First Solar NanoSolar Sharp Material E20/435 YGE 245 FS Series 3 Utility 230 NS-F135G5 Panel efficiency c-Si mc-Si CdTe CIGS a-Si Rated voltage VMPP (V) Rated power PMPP (Wp) 20.1% 15.6% 12.2% 11.6% 9.6% 435 245 87.5 230 135 72.9 Rated current /MPP (A) 30.2 49.2 40.2 47 5.97 8.11 1.78 6 2.88 Open-circuit voltage Voc (V) 85.6 37.8 61 50.7 61.3 Short-circuit current /sc (A) 6.43 8.63 1.98 6.7 3.41 NOCT (C) 45 46 45 47 45 Temp. Coeff. of Pmax (%/K) -0.38 -0.45 -0.25 -0.39 -0.24 Temp. Coeff. Voc (%/K) -0.27 -0.33 -0.27 -0.30 -0.30 Temp. Coeff. Isc(%/K) Dimensions (m) 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.07 2.07 x 1.05 1.65 x 0.99 1.20 x 0.60 1.93 x 1.03 1.40 x 1.00 Weight (kg) 25.4 26.8 15 34.7 26 Table-4: Inverter specification Maximum AC power Input voltage range for MPP Maximum input voltage Maximum input current 6,000 W 300-500 V 550 V 24 A