A city in your state is selecting a materials recovery facility (MRF) that will divert wastes...

  

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A city in your state is selecting a materials recovery facility (MRF) that will divert wastes from landfills to meet the city's solid waste volume reduction goal of at least 30% by 2021. The MRF planned to use both machines and people to remove and sort recyclables from the waste stream. A recyclable materials recovery program was initiated in 2015; however, the city authorities are uncertain as to whether the program will be able to achieve 30% diversion. The city's Solid Waste Management Department's staff has been directed to assess the existing recycling program, identify other options for recycling if the existing program is inadequate to meet goals, and prepare a report to the commissioners that defines a program to meet diversion goals. The problem is open ended. you can make valid assumptions to solve the problem Information and Data: The city's Solid Waste Management Department designated a project manager, Engr. Emma Smith, to conduct the evaluations. You are the group of engineers working for Ms Smith. In reviewing existing data. Ms Smith and her group of engineers found that the current material recovery program separated newspaper, aluminium cans, glass, and plastic bottles. The separation program started in 2015. Other background data included a city-mandated restriction than no more than 50% of the 30% mandated diversion goal may be met with yard waste, white goods, construction and demolition debris, and tires. Ms Smith developed the following table, which includes background data: Table 1: Background data Population, estimated for 2021 Participation of public in the existing separation program, percent of total population Type of separation program Typed of landfill Materials banned from the landfill Collection of wastes and separated materials Annual waste quantity disposed in 2021. tons Mr Smith also reviewed and tabulated the recyclables separation data for the past 3 years (see Table 2). Note that the existing recyclables program is separating 11% of the 90,000 tons per year. Table 2: The recyclables separation data for the past 3 years Material Aluminium Newspaper Glass Plastic % of waste stream by Average annual quantity, tons 720 4320 2520 2160 weight 1 8 Mandatory Lined Tires, used oil, white goods, lead-acid batteries, and yard wastes Private company 90,000 7 8 85,000 70 Recovery, % 80 60 40 30 Table 3 present the quantities of waste in the city, which are prohibited by regulation from disposal in the city's lined landfill. Table 3: Quantities of waste in the city that are prohibited by regulation from disposal in the landfill. Material % of waste-stream by weight Average annual quantity, tons Yard wastes Tires Used oil White goods Lead-acid batteries Aluminium Newspaper Cardboard 18 0.9 Table 4: The quantities of materials diverted from the landfill. Material % of waste-stream by weight 1 8 6 0.2 0.7 0.6 The city is constructing a yard-waste processing facility to recover yard waste, and the country awarded a contract to a broker to receive and resell used oil and lead-acid batteries. Table 4 present the amounts of materials, which were diverted from the landfill. Glass 7 Plastic 8 Yard wastes 18 Tires 0.9 White goods 0.7 Used oils 0.2 Lead-acid batteries 0.6 *ss = source separated; mrf = material recovery facility Recovery factor* 16200 810 180 630 540 80, ss 60, ss 80, ss 40, ss 30, ss 90, ss 100, mrf 100, mrf 100, mrf 100, mrf 1 Average annual quantity, tons 720 4320 4320 2520 2160 14580 810 630 180 540 Based on the information provided and available literature, as a group you will suggest 1. What technology should be used at the city's MRF so as to take advantage of the materials already being separated? 2. How will the city's Solid Waste Management agency determine materials specifications demanded by materials buyers? 3. If the full quantity of prohibited waste were diverted from the landfill, would it satisfy the diversion goal set by the city? A city in your state is selecting a materials recovery facility (MRF) that will divert wastes from landfills to meet the city's solid waste volume reduction goal of at least 30% by 2021. The MRF planned to use both machines and people to remove and sort recyclables from the waste stream. A recyclable materials recovery program was initiated in 2015; however, the city authorities are uncertain as to whether the program will be able to achieve 30% diversion. The city's Solid Waste Management Department's staff has been directed to assess the existing recycling program, identify other options for recycling if the existing program is inadequate to meet goals, and prepare a report to the commissioners that defines a program to meet diversion goals. The problem is open ended. you can make valid assumptions to solve the problem Information and Data: The city's Solid Waste Management Department designated a project manager, Engr. Emma Smith, to conduct the evaluations. You are the group of engineers working for Ms Smith. In reviewing existing data. Ms Smith and her group of engineers found that the current material recovery program separated newspaper, aluminium cans, glass, and plastic bottles. The separation program started in 2015. Other background data included a city-mandated restriction than no more than 50% of the 30% mandated diversion goal may be met with yard waste, white goods, construction and demolition debris, and tires. Ms Smith developed the following table, which includes background data: Table 1: Background data Population, estimated for 2021 Participation of public in the existing separation program, percent of total population Type of separation program Typed of landfill Materials banned from the landfill Collection of wastes and separated materials Annual waste quantity disposed in 2021. tons Mr Smith also reviewed and tabulated the recyclables separation data for the past 3 years (see Table 2). Note that the existing recyclables program is separating 11% of the 90,000 tons per year. Table 2: The recyclables separation data for the past 3 years Material Aluminium Newspaper Glass Plastic % of waste stream by Average annual quantity, tons 720 4320 2520 2160 weight 1 8 Mandatory Lined Tires, used oil, white goods, lead-acid batteries, and yard wastes Private company 90,000 7 8 85,000 70 Recovery, % 80 60 40 30 Table 3 present the quantities of waste in the city, which are prohibited by regulation from disposal in the city's lined landfill. Table 3: Quantities of waste in the city that are prohibited by regulation from disposal in the landfill. Material % of waste-stream by weight Average annual quantity, tons Yard wastes Tires Used oil White goods Lead-acid batteries Aluminium Newspaper Cardboard 18 0.9 Table 4: The quantities of materials diverted from the landfill. Material % of waste-stream by weight 1 8 6 0.2 0.7 0.6 The city is constructing a yard-waste processing facility to recover yard waste, and the country awarded a contract to a broker to receive and resell used oil and lead-acid batteries. Table 4 present the amounts of materials, which were diverted from the landfill. Glass 7 Plastic 8 Yard wastes 18 Tires 0.9 White goods 0.7 Used oils 0.2 Lead-acid batteries 0.6 *ss = source separated; mrf = material recovery facility Recovery factor* 16200 810 180 630 540 80, ss 60, ss 80, ss 40, ss 30, ss 90, ss 100, mrf 100, mrf 100, mrf 100, mrf 1 Average annual quantity, tons 720 4320 4320 2520 2160 14580 810 630 180 540 Based on the information provided and available literature, as a group you will suggest 1. What technology should be used at the city's MRF so as to take advantage of the materials already being separated? 2. How will the city's Solid Waste Management agency determine materials specifications demanded by materials buyers? 3. If the full quantity of prohibited waste were diverted from the landfill, would it satisfy the diversion goal set by the city?

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Answers and Explanation 1 The technology that should be used at the citys Material Recovery Facility ... View the full answer