1. A study examining the relationship between coffee consumption and stress levels among 50 undergraduate nursing students reported a correlation .51 at the p=.04 level. The researchers concluded that students should avoid drinking coffee during the final exam period. Did they make the right call and why?

2. A diabetes educator is interested in if there is a difference in average HgbA1C levels between patients who follow a strict dietary intervention vs. those who follow a strict diet intervention and regularly exercise. After randomly assigning subjects to one of the two intervention groups (diet only vs. diet plus exercise), she obtains HgbA1C values 6-months later and compares the two groups' mean values. To analyze her data, she uses a dependent samples (or paired sample) t-test. Did she make the right call and why?

3. A community health nurse investigated the relationship between cocaine use (Yes or No) and the number gumline cavities, hypothesizing those reporting cocaine use would average more gumline cavities than those who do not report cocaine use. The number of gumline cavities was not normally distributed, leading the nurse to use the Mann-Whitney test. Did he make the right call and why?

4. A critical care clinical specialist investigated the association between noise levels in the CCU and patients' heart rates. The clinical specialist used a noise dosimeter that measured sound levels in decibels (dB) at 1-minute intervals. She took the dosimeter into 30 private rooms and over 10 minutes measured heart rate from the patient's monitor each time the dB level was measured. This gave her a total of 300 dB readings with corresponding heart rates. To analyze her data, she uses a Chi-square test. Did she make the right call and why?