Answer the following questions: a. Prepare a crosstabulation of the data on Cylinders (rows) and City MPG

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Question:

Answer the following questions:

a. Prepare a crosstabulation of the data on Cylinders (rows) and City MPG (columns). Use classes of 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, …, 35-39 for City MPG. [Hint: While grouping, use “starting at 5”, “ending at 39”, and “by 5”.]

b. Develop a scatter diagram of the data on Cylinders and City MPG. Use the vertical axis for City MPG. Insert a linear trendline into your scatter diagram.

c. Compute the sample covariance for Cylinders and City MPG. [Hint: Use =COVARIANCE.S function in Excel.]

d. Compute the sample correlation coefficient.

e. Comment on the relationship between Cylinders and City MPG you observe in the tabular summary of the data in (a), in the graphical summary in (b), and by using the numerical measures of association in (c) and (d). Carefully interpret the covariance and correlation coefficient.

Car	Size	Displacement	Cylinders	Drive	Fuel Type	City MPG	Hwy MPG
1	Compact	3.1	6	4	P	15	25
2	Compact	3.1	6	4	P	17	25
3	Compact	3	6	4	P	17	25
4	Compact	3	6	4	P	16	25
5	Compact	3	6	4	P	17	25
6	Compact	3	6	4	P	17	25
7	Compact	2.4	4	F	P	20	25
8	Compact	3.5	6	R	P	22	25
9	Compact	3	6	4	P	17	25
10	Compact	2.4	4	F	P	18	24
11	Compact	2.8	6	F	P	15	24
12	Compact	2.5	4	4	P	17	24
13	Compact	3	6	4	P	17	24
14	Compact	2.5	4	4	P	18	24
15	Compact	2.4	4	F	R	19	24
16	Compact	5.3	8	F	P	16	24
17	Compact	6	8	R	P	15	24
18	Compact	3.5	6	R	R	17	24
19	Compact	3.5	6	R	R	17	24
20	Compact	3.5	6	R	R	17	24
21	Compact	3.5	6	R	R	17	24
22	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	17	24
23	Compact	3.8	6	F	R	17	24
24	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	17	24
25	Compact	3.5	6	4	P	16	24
26	Compact	5.3	8	F	P	16	24
27	Compact	4.6	8	R	P	15	24
28	Compact	3.5	6	R	P	17	24
29	Compact	4.2	8	R	P	16	24
30	Compact	4.6	8	R	P	17	24
31	Compact	4.6	8	R	P	16	24
32	Compact	4.6	8	R	P	16	24
33	Compact	3.5	6	R	P	17	24
34	Compact	3.6	6	4	P	16	24
35	Compact	3.2	6	4	P	16	24
36	Compact	3.2	6	F	P	16	24
37	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	15	24
38	Compact	2.4	4	4	R	21	24
39	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	15	24
40	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	17	24
41	Compact	3.2	6	4	P	18	23
42	Compact	4.2	8	4	P	16	23
43	Compact	4.8	8	R	P	15	23
44	Compact	4.8	8	R	P	15	23
45	Compact	3.5	6	R	P	16	23
46	Compact	4.6	8	F	R	15	23
47	Compact	4.6	8	F	R	15	23
48	Compact	5.7	8	R	R	15	23
49	Compact	5.7	8	R	R	15	23
50	Compact	4.6	8	R	R	15	23
51	Compact	4.6	8	R	R	15	23
52	Compact	4.2	8	4	P	16	23
53	Compact	4.2	8	4	P	16	23
54	Compact	4.8	8	R	P	15	23
55	Compact	3.5	6	4	P	17	23
56	Compact	3	6	4	P	15	23
57	Compact	4.4	8	4	P	15	23
58	Compact	3	6	4	P	16	22
59	Compact	3.9	6	F	R	15	22
60	Compact	3.5	6	4	P	16	22
61	Compact	4.2	8	R	P	15	22
62	Compact	4.2	8	R	P	15	22
63	Compact	4.6	8	F	R	15	22
64	Compact	4.6	8	F	R	15	22
65	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	15	22
66	Compact	5.7	8	4	R	15	22
67	Compact	5.7	8	4	R	15	22
68	Compact	3.5	6	4	R	15	22
69	Compact	4.8	8	R	P	15	22
70	Compact	3	6	4	P	16	22
71	Compact	4.2	8	R	P	15	22
72	Compact	5	8	4	P	20	22
73	Compact	3.5	6	4	P	16	22
74	Compact	5.5	8	R	P	15	22
75	Compact	4.2	8	4	P	14	21
76	Compact	5.5	8	R	P	14	21
77	Compact	5.5	8	R	P	14	21
78	Compact	4.5	8	R	P	16	21
79	Compact	5.5	8	R	P	14	21
80	Compact	4.6	8	4	P	14	21
81	Compact	4.2	8	4	P	13	20
82	Compact	4.2	8	4	P	13	20
83	Compact	6	12	R	P	13	20
84	Compact	4.5	8	4	P	14	20
85	Compact	5.5	8	4	P	14	20
86	Compact	6	12	4	P	13	19
87	Compact	5.2	10	4	P	13	19
88	Compact	5.2	10	4	P	14	19
89	Compact	4.4	8	R	P	13	19
90	Compact	5.5	8	4	P	13	19
91	Compact	6.2	8	R	P	12	19
92	Compact	6.2	8	R	P	11	18
93	Compact	6.2	8	R	P	12	18
94	Compact	6.1	8	R	P	13	18
95	Compact	6.1	8	R	P	13	18
96	Compact	4.6	8	F	R	13	18
97	Compact	4.6	8	F	R	13	18
98	Compact	6.1	8	R	P	13	18
99	Compact	5.5	12	R	P	11	17
100	Compact	5.5	12	R	P	11	17
101	Compact	6.2	8	R	P	11	17
102	Compact	6	12	R	P	11	17
103	Compact	5.5	12	R	P	11	17
104	Compact	5	10	R	P	11	17
105	Compact	5	10	R	P	11	17
106	Compact	5.5	12	R	P	10	16
107	Compact	6	12	R	P	10	16
108	Compact	5.5	12	R	P	10	16
109	Compact	6	12	R	P	10	16
110	Compact	5.7	12	R	P	9	16
111	Compact	5.7	12	R	P	10	15
112	Midsize	1.8	4	F	R	28	37
113	Midsize	2	4	F	R	24	35
114	Midsize	1.6	4	F	R	25	35
115	Midsize	1.8	4	F	R	26	35
116	Midsize	1.6	4	F	R	24	34
117	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	33	34
118	Midsize	2	4	F	R	24	33
119	Midsize	1.6	4	F	R	24	33
120	Midsize	2	4	F	R	25	33
121	Midsize	2	4	F	R	24	33
122	Midsize	1.8	4	F	R	27	33
123	Midsize	2.5	4	F	R	35	33
124	Midsize	2	4	F	R	25	33
125	Midsize	1.6	4	F	R	23	32
126	Midsize	1.6	4	F	R	27	32
127	Midsize	1.6	4	F	R	27	32
128	Midsize	2	4	F	R	24	32
129	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	24	32
130	Midsize	2	4	F	R	24	32
131	Midsize	1.8	4	F	R	24	32
132	Midsize	2.5	4	F	R	23	32
133	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	24	32
134	Midsize	2	4	F	P	20	31
135	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	22	31
136	Midsize	2	4	F	R	23	31
137	Midsize	2	4	F	R	23	31
138	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	22	31
139	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
140	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
141	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	22	31
142	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
143	Midsize	2.2	4	F	R	21	31
144	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
145	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
146	Midsize	2.5	4	F	R	23	31
147	Midsize	1.8	4	F	R	26	31
148	Midsize	2	4	F	R	24	31
149	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
150	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	31
151	Midsize	2	4	F	P	21	30
152	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	30
153	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	22	30
154	Midsize	2	4	F	R	22	30
155	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	30
156	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	22	30
157	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	30
158	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	21	30
159	Midsize	2	4	F	R	23	30
160	Midsize	2.5	4	F	R	24	30
161	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	22	30
162	Midsize	2	4	F	P	19	29
163	Midsize	2	4	F	P	21	29
164	Midsize	2	4	F	P	21	29
165	Midsize	2	4	F	P	22	29
166	Midsize	2	4	F	P	22	29
167	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	22	29
168	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	22	29
169	Midsize	2	4	F	R	22	29
170	Midsize	2	4	F	R	21	29
171	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	29
172	Midsize	2.5	5	F	R	21	29
173	Midsize	2.5	5	F	R	22	29
174	Midsize	2.5	5	F	R	21	29
175	Midsize	2.5	5	F	R	21	29
176	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	29
177	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	29
178	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	19	29
179	Midsize	2.5	4	F	P	21	29
180	Midsize	2	4	F	P	21	29
181	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	29
182	Midsize	1.8	4	F	R	24	29
183	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	23	29
184	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	20	29
185	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	20	29
186	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	21	29
187	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	29
188	Midsize	2.4	4	F	P	19	28
189	Midsize	2.4	4	F	P	20	28
190	Midsize	2	4	4	P	20	28
191	Midsize	3	6	R	P	18	28
192	Midsize	3	6	R	P	19	28
193	Midsize	2.5	5	F	P	19	28
194	Midsize	2.5	5	F	P	19	28
195	Midsize	2.4	5	F	P	20	28
196	Midsize	2.4	5	F	P	20	28
197	Midsize	2.4	5	F	P	20	28
198	Midsize	2.4	5	F	P	20	28
199	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	19	28
200	Midsize	2	4	F	R	20	28
201	Midsize	2	4	F	R	19	28
202	Midsize	2	4	F	R	19	28
203	Midsize	2	4	F	R	20	28
204	Midsize	3.9	6	F	R	18	28
205	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	28
206	Midsize	3.3	6	F	R	19	28
207	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	28
208	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	19	28
209	Midsize	3	6	R	P	18	28
210	Midsize	2.3	4	F	P	18	28
211	Midsize	2	4	F	P	19	28
212	Midsize	3.8	6	F	R	17	28
213	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	28
214	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	20	28
215	Midsize	2.7	6	F	R	20	28
216	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	20	28
217	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	18	28
218	Midsize	2.3	4	F	R	21	28
219	Midsize	3.8	6	F	R	18	28
220	Midsize	3.5	6	F	R	19	28
221	Midsize	2	4	4	P	19	27
222	Midsize	3.1	6	F	P	18	27
223	Midsize	2.5	5	F	P	19	27
224	Midsize	2.5	5	F	P	19	27
225	Midsize	2.5	5	F	P	19	27
226	Midsize	2.5	5	F	P	19	27
227	Midsize	2.5	4	4	R	20	27
228	Midsize	2.5	4	4	R	20	27
229	Midsize	2.5	4	4	R	20	27
230	Midsize	2.5	4	4	R	20	27
231	Midsize	3.3	6	F	R	18	27
232	Midsize	3.5	6	F	P	18	27
233	Midsize	3.1	6	F	P	18	27
234	Midsize	3	6	R	P	18	27
235	Midsize	3.5	6	F	P	19	27
236	Midsize	3.5	6	R	P	19	27
237	Midsize	3.5	6	F	P	19	27
238	Midsize	2.7	6	F	R	19	27
239	Midsize	2.7	6	F	R	19	27
240	Midsize	2.7	6	F	R	19	27
241	Midsize	2	4	F	R	23	27
242	Midsize	2.7	6	F	R	19	27
243	Midsize	2.4	4	F	R	20	27
244	Midsize	3	6	F	R	18	26
245	Midsize	3	6	F	R	18	26
246	Midsize	3.6	6	F	R	17	26
247	Large	3	6	R	P	17	26
248	Large	3	6	R	P	17	26
249	Large	3	6	R	P	18	26
250	Large	2	4	F	P	19	26
251	Large	2.8	6	F	P	16	26
252	Large	2.5	5	4	P	18	26
253	Large	2.5	5	4	P	18	26
254	Large	2.5	5	4	P	17	26
255	Large	2.4	5	F	P	18	26
256	Large	2.4	5	F	P	18	26
257	Large	2.4	4	F	R	21	26
258	Large	3.5	6	F	R	17	26
259	Large	3.6	6	F	R	17	26
260	Large	3.3	6	F	R	18	26
261	Large	2.7	6	R	R	18	26
262	Large	2.7	6	R	R	18	26
263	Large	3.8	6	F	R	17	26
264	Large	3.3	6	F	R	18	26
265	Large	3.2	6	F	P	18	26
266	Large	3.5	6	F	P	17	26
267	Large	3	6	R	P	17	26
268	Large	3	6	R	P	17	26
269	Large	3	6	R	P	17	26
270	Large	2.3	4	F	P	18	26
271	Large	3.5	6	F	P	19	26
272	Large	2.3	4	F	P	17	26
273	Large	3.6	6	F	P	17	26
274	Large	3.6	6	4	R	17	26
275	Large	3.6	6	4	R	17	26
276	Large	3.6	6	R	R	18	26
277	Large	3.6	6	R	R	17	26
278	Large	3.6	6	R	R	17	26
279	Large	3.6	6	F	R	17	26
280	Large	3.5	6	F	R	16	26
281	Large	3.5	6	F	R	16	26
282	Large	3	6	R	P	18	25
283	Large	3.5	6	R	P	17	25
284	Large	2.5	4	4	P	20	25
285	Large	2.5	4	4	P	19	25
286	Large	2.5	4	4	P	19	25
287	Large	2.5	5	4	P	17	25
288	Large	3.5	6	F	R	17	25
289	Large	4.2	8	R	P	16	25
290	Large	4.2	8	R	P	16	25
291	Large	4.2	8	R	P	16	25
292	Large	3.8	6	F	R	16	25
293	Large	3.1	6	4	P	17	25
294	Large	3	6	4	P	17	25
295	Large	3	6	4	P	17	25
296	Large	3	6	4	P	16	25
297	Large	3	6	4	P	17	25
298	Large	3.5	6	R	P	17	25
299	Large	3.5	6	4	P	18	25
300	Large	3.8	6	F	P	17	25
301	Large	3.5	6	F	P	19	25
302	Large	5.3	8	F	P	16	25
303	Large	3.6	6	F	R	17	25
304	Large	3.6	6	4	R	17	25
305	Large	3.6	6	R	R	16	25
306	Large	3.6	6	R	R	16	25
307	Large	2.4	4	F	R	21	25
308	Large	3	6	4	R	17	25
309	Large	3	6	4	R	17	25
310	Large	3	6	F	R	17	25
311	Large	3	6	F	R	18	25