Equations Planck's Law: C E(T, ) = 15(ex -1) where C and C2 are constants and...

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Equations Planck's Law: C E(T, ) = 15(ex -1) where C and C2 are constants and T is in Kelvin. Wien's Displacement Law: 2898m Amar = T(K) (1) (2) Stefan-Boltzmann: S = T where is equal to 5.67 x 10-8Wm-2K-4 and varies between 0 and 1. T is in Kelvin. Unless otherwise stated, you can assume = 1. (3) Inverse Square Law: S = So (0)2 Where S and r correspond with energy and the distance, respectively. (4) Constants: The speed of light (c) is 3 108 meters per second. The solar sphere of our Solar System has a radius of 6.96108 meters. The distance from the center of our sun to the Earth is approximately 1.5 x101 meters. The surface irradiance of the Sun is 6.32 107 Wm. The Earth's solar constant can be approximated as 1370 Wm2. You can assume unless otherwise noted that the Earth system reflects 30% of incident solar radiation. One metric ton is equal to 1,000,000 grams. Analytical Narrative Congratulations! Due to your exceptional performance on the final exam for 'The Earth's Climate System', you've been selected to accompany the first manned expedition to the planet Kobol. After a long, long journey your spacecraft arrives in orbit around the planet, and you immediately get to work analyzing the climate of Kobol. The planet is the first planet in the system and orbits its star (which has a radiating temperature of 5,700K) at a distance a little less than the distance between our Earth and our Sun - approximately 0.95 AU (remember, 1 AU is the distance between the center of our sun and the earth, conveniently provided at the beginning of this exam). The Kobol system's star has a solar radius 105% the size of our own sun's solar radius. 5 20. What is the Amax, the peak wavelength emitted by the Kobol system star? 5 21. What is the average solar energy flux of the Kobol system star at its surface? 5 22. Now, calculate the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the orbit associated with the planet Kobol. 5 23. Assume for a moment that the planet Kobol has no atmosphere and an albedo of 0.2. What would you expect the surface temperature of the planet to be, assuming the energy balance of the planet is in equilibrium? (HINT: don't forget to divide your answer from [22] by 4) 5 24. From your measurements, you notice that your calculated equilibrium temperature from the previous question is not the surface temperature, but is actually the temperature at the top of Kobol's atmosphere. Instead, the surface temperature is about 20 K warmer that the top of the atmosphere. What does this observation mean with regard to Kobol's atmosphere? 5 25. You also notice that, over the course of a year, seasonal changes in temperature and net energy availability on Kobol are low. Even at the poles, for example, winter is only two degrees cooler than summer. Describe what could be causing this low seasonality. Equations Planck's Law: C E(T, ) = 15(ex -1) where C and C2 are constants and T is in Kelvin. Wien's Displacement Law: 2898m Amar = T(K) (1) (2) Stefan-Boltzmann: S = T where is equal to 5.67 x 10-8Wm-2K-4 and varies between 0 and 1. T is in Kelvin. Unless otherwise stated, you can assume = 1. (3) Inverse Square Law: S = So (0)2 Where S and r correspond with energy and the distance, respectively. (4) Constants: The speed of light (c) is 3 108 meters per second. The solar sphere of our Solar System has a radius of 6.96108 meters. The distance from the center of our sun to the Earth is approximately 1.5 x101 meters. The surface irradiance of the Sun is 6.32 107 Wm. The Earth's solar constant can be approximated as 1370 Wm2. You can assume unless otherwise noted that the Earth system reflects 30% of incident solar radiation. One metric ton is equal to 1,000,000 grams. Analytical Narrative Congratulations! Due to your exceptional performance on the final exam for 'The Earth's Climate System', you've been selected to accompany the first manned expedition to the planet Kobol. After a long, long journey your spacecraft arrives in orbit around the planet, and you immediately get to work analyzing the climate of Kobol. The planet is the first planet in the system and orbits its star (which has a radiating temperature of 5,700K) at a distance a little less than the distance between our Earth and our Sun - approximately 0.95 AU (remember, 1 AU is the distance between the center of our sun and the earth, conveniently provided at the beginning of this exam). The Kobol system's star has a solar radius 105% the size of our own sun's solar radius. 5 20. What is the Amax, the peak wavelength emitted by the Kobol system star? 5 21. What is the average solar energy flux of the Kobol system star at its surface? 5 22. Now, calculate the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the orbit associated with the planet Kobol. 5 23. Assume for a moment that the planet Kobol has no atmosphere and an albedo of 0.2. What would you expect the surface temperature of the planet to be, assuming the energy balance of the planet is in equilibrium? (HINT: don't forget to divide your answer from [22] by 4) 5 24. From your measurements, you notice that your calculated equilibrium temperature from the previous question is not the surface temperature, but is actually the temperature at the top of Kobol's atmosphere. Instead, the surface temperature is about 20 K warmer that the top of the atmosphere. What does this observation mean with regard to Kobol's atmosphere? 5 25. You also notice that, over the course of a year, seasonal changes in temperature and net energy availability on Kobol are low. Even at the poles, for example, winter is only two degrees cooler than summer. Describe what could be causing this low seasonality.