Explain the following in deep and give example with a little calculation.

1 Output Port Processing

2 Where Does Queuing Occur?

3 Packet Scheduling

4 Internet Protocol (IP)

5 IPv4, Addressing, IPv6

6 IPv4 Datagram Format

7 IPv4 Addressing

8 Network Address Translation (NAT)

9 IPv6

explain and give question/solution in the following

10 Principles of Congestion Control

11 The Causes and the Costs of Congestion

12 Approaches to Congestion Control