For each of the following categorical statements, identify: (a) the letter label (A, E, I, O) for the statement, (b) the quantity, (c) the quality, (d) the subject and predicate terms, and (e) which terms are distributed.

2. Some critical thinkers are not philosophers.

 3. All people who love God are people who obey God.

5. No people who love all equally are racists.

6. Some people who criticize the ideas of others are not bigots.

8. Some creatures that crawl on the ground are creatures that bite. 9. All cell phones that work well are iPhones.

10. Some books containing philosophical statements are books that contain true statements.

 

EXERCISE 6.2 Translate each of the following statements into standard form, recalling all the important points made about standard form and translation.

2. Physicists are very intelligent.

3. Not all protesters are peaceful.

 5. No snakes have feet.

6. The only fish that Fred likes is salmon.

7. Where I go, you cannot come.

9. You will receive your reward when your task is complete.

10. Not every dog is an alligator.

 11. Only vehicles are Jeeps.

12. Jesus is the savior of the world.

13. You cannot legally drive unless you have a driver's license.

15. Only critical thinkers are good philosophers.

16. Most Australian snakes are poisonous.

17. No one can be saved except by trust in Jesus.

18. Water is composed of H2 O.

20. Very few police officers misuse their power.

21. A statement is true only if the structure of reality matches the statement.

22. The stuff in my room is all that I care about.

23. If it is raining, then the ground is slippery.

24. Nobody can enter who has not been tested for Covid-19.

 

EXERCISE 6.3 For each of the following statements, (a) find the converse, obverse, and contrapositive of the statement, and (b) determine whether the two statements (the original and the statement after the operation) are equivalent.

2. Some philosophers are Greeks.

3. No elephants are giraffes.

5. All colors are properties.

 6. Some helicopters are blue things.

8. Some birds are not animals.

9. All Christians are Baptists.

10. No apples are fruit.

 12. Some squares are not shapes.

 

EXERCISE 6.4 For each of the following categorical statements, (a) assume it has the truth-value given in the parentheses following the statement and then (b) identify the truth-values of all the correspond-ing statements using the square of opposition. If you cannot determine a truth-value from the square of opposition, write "undetermined" for that statement.

 2. Some good books are ESP books. (False)

3. Some owls are not white things. (True)

4. All protesters are peaceful people. (False)

6. No Jeeps are fast vehicles. (False)

 7. All Colombians are South Americans. (True)

8. Some elementary particles are not things smaller than atoms. (False)

 

EXERCISE 6.5 Use Venn diagrams to test the following categorical syllogisms for validity.

2. No A are B No B are C ∴ No A are C

3. All A are B No B are C ∴ No A are C

5. Some A are not B Some B are not C ∴ Some A are not C

6. Some B are not C All A are B ∴ Some A are not C

8. Some A are B No B are C ∴ Some A are not C

9. Some B are C All A are B ∴ Some A are C

10. No A are B All A are C ∴ No B are C

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

Exercise 61 Some critical thinkers are not philosophers a Statement type I b Quantity Some c Quality Affirmative d Subject and Predicate Terms Critical thinkers subject philosophers predicate e Distri... View the full answer