For each of the following two situations explain whether XCo. and YCo. are ASSOCIATED?

Bob owns 60% of XCo. and Marvin, Bob's friend, owns the remaining 40%.
Bob owns 30% of YCo. and David, Bob's son, and Edward, David's cousin, each own 35% of YCo..

Eric, Bill, and Jane are brothers and sisters. Each own 1/3 of XCo.
Eric and his spouse, Connie, each own 50% of YCo.