(i) Barium titanate can exist in both the cubic and tetragonal crystal structures. Ex- plain why...

 

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(i) Barium titanate can exist in both the cubic and tetragonal crystal structures. Ex- plain why the tetragonal form exhibits piezoelectricity whereas its cubic form does not. [20%] (ii) The transformation from cubic to tetragonal BaTiO3 occurs when the former is cooled below the Curie temperature of 120C. Describe how the change can be verified experimentally based on measurements made at ambient temperature. [20%] (iii) The figure shows a differential scanning calorimeter experiment in which the sample of tetragonal BaTiO3 was heated at 25 K min-. Using the figure, work out the en- thalpy change AH when the transformation to the cubic form was completed, giving your answer in units of Jg-. State also the sign of AH for the tetragonal cubic transformation. [50%] mW mg endothermic 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Temperature/"C (iv) Explain why the transformation appears to extend over a range of temperatures rather than a sharp peak at the Curie temperature. [10%] (i) Barium titanate can exist in both the cubic and tetragonal crystal structures. Ex- plain why the tetragonal form exhibits piezoelectricity whereas its cubic form does not. [20%] (ii) The transformation from cubic to tetragonal BaTiO3 occurs when the former is cooled below the Curie temperature of 120C. Describe how the change can be verified experimentally based on measurements made at ambient temperature. [20%] (iii) The figure shows a differential scanning calorimeter experiment in which the sample of tetragonal BaTiO3 was heated at 25 K min-. Using the figure, work out the en- thalpy change AH when the transformation to the cubic form was completed, giving your answer in units of Jg-. State also the sign of AH for the tetragonal cubic transformation. [50%] mW mg endothermic 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Temperature/"C (iv) Explain why the transformation appears to extend over a range of temperatures rather than a sharp peak at the Curie temperature. [10%]

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