The attached data set CO2MPG.csv includes data on the fuel economy rating and carbon dioxide emissions for vehicle make/models sold in Canada with a gasoline engine. Examples of vehicle make/models are Civic/Honda, Tacoma/Toyota, F150/Ford, and Chevrolet/Corvette. Fuel economy is measured by the miles the vehicle can drive using one gallon of fuel. A higher number means the vehicle is more fuel efficient. Carbon dioxide emissions are measured in grams per mile. A higher number means the vehicle is dirtier (emits more carbon dioxide per mile).

To receive full points on this question, the student number and whether it is even or odd. Student number 7920422

If your student number is even, please answer the rest of the Crowdmark questions using only miles per gallon. If your student number is odd, please answer the rest of the Crowdmark questions using only carbon dioxide emissions.

Q2 (3 points)

Load the data into R. Then, create a table containing the sample size, mean, standard deviation, median and skewness. The table can be hand-drawn and uploaded to Crowdmark.

Reminder: If your student number is even, please report the statistics for miles per gallon. If your student number is odd, please report the statistics using carbon dioxide emissions.

Q3 (4 points)

Form a QQ plot. Be sure to include a well-formatted and descriptive title and label the x-axis. Then, write two or three sentences in proper English describing whether the data is Normally distributed. Please upload both the QQ plot and the description.

Q4 (2 points)

The data we are working with only includes vehicles with a gasoline engine. Pretend your friend has an updated dataset that includes both vehicles with a gasoline engine and hybrid vehicles. Then, complete the following using one or two sentences:

The mean would (increase/decrease/not change) because _________________________________.

The skewness would (increase/decrease/not change) because _________________________________.

Q5 (1 point)

If you have finished the rest of the questions, complete the following bonus question.

BONUS: form a scatterplot of miles per gallon and carbon dioxide emissions. Be sure to include a well-formatted and descriptive title and label the x-axis. Upload the scatterplot, then explain whether the correlation coefficient is valid for this causal relationship.

MPGHWY	CO2EMISSIONS
29.484	275.625
29.484	275.625
29.484	275.625
29.484	280
29.484	297.5
29.484	297.5
29.484	297.5
29.484	297.5
29.484	281.75
29.484	328.125
29.484	277.375
29.484	269.5
29.484	277.375
29.484	277.375
29.484	308
29.484	308
29.484	306.25
29.484	306.25
30.618	275.625
30.618	275.625
30.618	294
30.618	294
30.618	294
30.618	263.375
30.618	263.375
30.618	263.375
30.618	263.375
30.618	266
30.618	257.25
30.618	273.875
30.618	267.75
30.618	273.875
30.618	267.75
30.618	266
30.618	259.875
30.618	273.875
30.618	286.125
30.618	286.125
31.752	259.875
31.752	259.875
31.752	257.25
31.752	245.875
31.752	267.75
31.752	252
31.752	277.375
32.886	259.875
32.886	259.875
32.886	275.625
32.886	275.625
32.886	237.125
32.886	275.625
32.886	275.625
32.886	261.625
32.886	261.625
32.886	261.625
32.886	261.625
32.886	249.375
32.886	249.375
32.886	252
32.886	249.375
32.886	252
32.886	269.5
32.886	271.25
32.886	247.625
32.886	243.25
34.02	259.875
34.02	259.875
34.02	237.125
34.02	237.125
34.02	237.125
34.02	252
34.02	239.75
34.02	241.5
35.154	233.625
35.154	235.375
35.154	247.625
35.154	243.25
35.154	243.25
35.154	243.25
35.154	243.25
35.154	245.875
35.154	225.75
35.154	229.25
35.154	241.5
35.154	237.125
35.154	241.5
35.154	237.125
35.154	199.5
35.154	257.25
35.154	231
35.154	231
35.154	225.75
36.288	245.875
36.288	245.875
36.288	247.625
36.288	245.875
36.288	245.875
36.288	233.625
36.288	233.625
36.288	229.25
36.288	229.25
36.288	231
36.288	227.5
36.288	227.5
36.288	213.5
36.288	233.625
36.288	219.625
36.288	217
36.288	227.5
36.288	219.625
36.288	219.625
36.288	215.25
37.422	223.125
37.422	211.75
37.422	211.75
37.422	235.375
37.422	227.5
37.422	225.75
37.422	235.375
37.422	235.375
37.422	235.375
37.422	235.375
37.422	217
37.422	217
37.422	217
37.422	217
37.422	221.375
37.422	223.125
38.556	219.625
38.556	219.625
38.556	219.625
38.556	215.25
38.556	215.25
38.556	227.5
38.556	227.5
38.556	223.125
38.556	223.125
38.556	223.125
38.556	223.125
38.556	223.125
38.556	223.125
38.556	223.125
38.556	209.125
38.556	225.75
38.556	221.375
38.556	225.75
38.556	223.125
38.556	233.625
38.556	215.25
38.556	223.125
38.556	209.125
38.556	231
38.556	209.125
38.556	190.75
38.556	223.125
38.556	225.75
38.556	227.5
38.556	215.25
39.69	205.625
39.69	203
39.69	215.25
39.69	215.25
39.69	215.25
39.69	203
39.69	207.375
39.69	217
39.69	219.625
39.69	217
39.69	223.125
39.69	223.125
39.69	195.125
39.69	213.5
39.69	205.625
39.69	199.5
39.69	207.375
39.69	207.375
39.69	207.375
39.69	207.375
39.69	207.375
39.69	195.125
39.69	195.125
39.69	187.25
40.824	196.875
40.824	223.125
40.824	205.625
40.824	205.625
40.824	203
40.824	190.75
40.824	203
40.824	205.625
40.824	211.75
40.824	203
40.824	201.25
40.824	190.75
40.824	187.25
41.958	193.375
41.958	195.125
41.958	199.5
41.958	199.5
41.958	193.375
41.958	193.375
41.958	185.5
41.958	215.25
41.958	190.75
41.958	190.75
41.958	203
41.958	193.375
41.958	190.75
41.958	193.375
41.958	196.875
41.958	203
43.092	195.125
43.092	195.125
43.092	195.125
43.092	181.125
43.092	179.375
43.092	179.375
43.092	196.875
43.092	193.375
43.092	193.375
43.092	193.375
43.092	199.5
43.092	185.5
43.092	190.75
43.092	189
43.092	193.375
43.092	190.75
43.092	195.125
43.092	199.5
43.092	203
43.092	199.5
43.092	189
44.226	185.5
44.226	190.75
44.226	196.875
44.226	181.125
44.226	187.25
44.226	187.25
44.226	187.25
44.226	189
44.226	185.5
44.226	181.125
44.226	185.5
44.226	185.5
44.226	139.125
44.226	182.875
44.226	181.125
44.226	185.5
44.226	182.875
44.226	182.875
44.226	187.25
44.226	187.25
44.226	187.25
44.226	182.875
44.226	187.25
44.226	185.5
44.226	189
44.226	187.25
44.226	181.125
44.226	181.125
44.226	162.75
45.36	181.125
45.36	179.375
45.36	179.375
45.36	173.25
45.36	187.25
45.36	211.75
45.36	179.375
45.36	181.125
45.36	175
45.36	167.125
45.36	170.625
45.36	182.875
45.36	181.125
45.36	181.125
45.36	176.75
45.36	176.75
45.36	179.375
45.36	176.75
45.36	190.75
46.494	156.625
46.494	196.875
46.494	182.875
46.494	176.75
46.494	179.375
47.628	176.75
47.628	171.5
47.628	173.25
47.628	173.25
47.628	173.25
47.628	179.375
47.628	176.75
47.628	176.75
47.628	176.75
47.628	176.75
47.628	176.75
47.628	173.25
47.628	168.875
47.628	173.25
47.628	173.25
47.628	161
47.628	165.375
48.762	167.125
48.762	175
48.762	173.25
48.762	175
48.762	173.25
48.762	161
48.762	171.5
48.762	171.5
48.762	179.375
48.762	175
48.762	171.5
48.762	168.875
48.762	168.875
48.762	167.125
48.762	167.125
48.762	159.25
48.762	150.5
48.762	148.75
48.762	148.75
48.762	154.875
48.762	154.875
48.762	154.875
48.762	154.875
48.762	148.75
48.762	168.875
48.762	168.875
48.762	162.75
48.762	167.125
48.762	156.625
48.762	167.125
49.896	173.25
49.896	159.25
49.896	159.25
49.896	159.25
49.896	148.75
49.896	161
49.896	161
49.896	171.5
51.03	161
51.03	161
51.03	168.875
51.03	168.875
51.03	167.125
51.03	140.875
51.03	162.75
51.03	147
51.03	147
51.03	147
51.03	147
52.164	159.25
52.164	150.5
52.164	165.375
52.164	165.375
52.164	128.625
52.164	162.75
52.164	156.625
52.164	136.5
52.164	159.25
52.164	159.25
52.164	154.875
52.164	159.25
53.298	156.625
53.298	156.625
53.298	156.625
53.298	156.625
53.298	156.625
53.298	156.625
53.298	154.875
54.432	140.875
54.432	156.625
54.432	145.25
55.566	150.5
55.566	150.5
55.566	128.625
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	140.875
55.566	145.25
56.7	145.25
56.7	150.5
56.7	150.5
56.7	150.5
56.7	150.5
56.7	128.625
56.7	133
56.7	133
56.7	133
56.7	133
56.7	133
56.7	136.5
56.7	136.5
56.7	136.5
56.7	136.5