The below figure is Figure 3 from Burgstahler and Dichev [Burgstahler, D. and Dichev, I. (1997)....
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The below figure is Figure 3 from Burgstahler and Dichev [Burgstahler, D. and Dichev, I. (1997). Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses, Journal of Accounting and Economics 24(1): p. 109]. Earnings are computed as annual net income over beginning-of-the-year market value. D. Burgstahler, I. Dichev / Journal of Accounting and Economics 24 (1997) 99-126 109 2000 Frequency 1500 1000 500 -25 -.20 -15 -10 -.05 25 75 20 .00 .05 .10 .15 .20 Earnings Interval 30 30 35 The below figure is Figure 3 from Burgstahler and Dichev [Burgstahler, D. and Dichev, I. (1997). Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses, Journal of Accounting and Economics 24(1): p. 109]. Earnings are computed as annual net income over beginning-of-the-year market value. D. Burgstahler, I. Dichev / Journal of Accounting and Economics 24 (1997) 99-126 109 2000 Frequency 1500 1000 500 -25 -.20 -15 -10 -.05 25 75 20 .00 .05 .10 .15 .20 Earnings Interval 30 30 35
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