Your friend Harold is trying to decide whether to buy or lease his next vehicle. He has gathered information about each option but is not sure how to compare the alternatives. Purchasing a new vehicle will cost $30,000, and Harold expects to spend about $850 per year in maintenance costs. He would keep the vehicle for five years and estimates that the salvage value will be $11,900. Alternatively, Harold could lease the same vehicle for five years at a cost of $3,900 per year, including maintenance. Assume a discount rate of 11 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the net present value of Harolds options.