The other data which Todaro might have used to analyse the birth rate were:    

For one of the three possible explanatory variables (in class, different groups could examine each of the variables):

(a) Draw an XY chart of the data and comment upon the result.

(b) Would you expect a line of best fit to have a positive or negative slope? Roughly, what would you expect the slope to be?

(c) What would you expect the correlation coefficient to be?

(d) Calculate the correlation coefficient, and comment.

(e) Test to see if the correlation coefficient is different from zero. Use the 95% confidence level.

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Country Birth rate GNP Growth Income ratio Bangladesh 47 140 0.3 2.3 Tanzania 47 280 1.9 3.2 Sierra Leone 46 320 0.4 3.3 Sudan 47 380 -0.3 3.9 Kenya 55 420 2.9 6.8 Indonesia 35 530 4.1 3.4 Panama 30 1910 3.1 8.6 Chile 25 2560 0.7 3.8 Venezuela 35 4220 2.4 5.2 Turkey Malaysia Nepal Malawi 33 1540 3.5 4.9 31 1840 4.3 5.0 44 150 0.0 4.7 56 200 2.7 2.4 Argentina 20 2560 1.9 3.6