For the US Sankey diagram shown in Figure 12.7.

Figure 12.7:

Calculate the energy efficiency of power generation and the four sectors. Obtain the Sankey diagrams for the USA from the cited source for earlier years and compare how the overall energy efficiency and the efficiency of the five activities have changed since 2010.

Transcribed Image Text:

Solar 0.775 Nuclear 8.42 Hydro 2.77 Wind 2.35 Geothermall 0.211 Natural Gas 28.0 Coal 14.0 Biomass 4.91 Petroleum 36.2 8.42 2.75 2.35 9.54 12.7 0.52 /6.04 0.21 0.15. 0.48 Estimated U.S. Energy Consumption in 2017: 97.7 Quads Net Electricity 0.06 Imports 12.5 Electricity Generation 37.2 0.19 3.29 9.84 0.76 4.58 0.02 0.01 0.08 /0.02 1.24 1.43 2.48 0.16 0.33 0.88 0.02/ 8.38 0.83 4.6 3.23 0.03 25.9 24.7 Residential 10.7 Commercial 8.99 Industrial 25.2 Transportation 28.1 3.75 6.97 3.15 5.84 12.9 12.4 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 22.2 5.91 Rejected Energy 66.7 Figure 12.7 Sankey diagram for the United States in the year 2017 [3]. (1 Quad = 10¹5 BTU = 1.055 x 10¹8 joules = 1.055 exajoules.) Energy Services 31.1 Source: LLNL April, 2018. Data is based on DOE/EIA MER (2017). If this information or a reproduction of it is used, credit must be given to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Department of Energy, under whose auspices the work was performed. This chart was revised in 2017 to reflect changes made in mid-2016 to the Energy Information Administration's analysis methodology and reporting. The efficiency of electricity production is calculated as the total retail electricity delivered divided by the primary energy input into electricity generation. End use efficiency is estimated as 65% for the residential sector, 65% for the commercial sector, 21% for the transportation sector, and 49% for the industrial sector which was updated in 2017 to reflect DOE's analysis of manufacturing. Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. LLNL-MI-410527 Activate Wi