A piping system is made of 10-nom sch 80 commercial steel pipe. The pipe is transporting a 30% propylene glycol solution at a temperature of 40°C. Table P4.16 shows the number of fittings and valves in this pipe system. The joints are flanged. Determine the pressure loss (kPa) in this pipe system due to the fittings and valves using the 3K method.

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TABLE P4.16 Fittings and Valves in the Pipe System Fitting or Valve 45 standard elbow 90 standard elbow 180 standard bend Gate valves Globe valves Ball valves Check valve, lift-type Pipe entrance, flush and square Pipe exit Number 4 10 3 20 5 6 1 1 1