The snail Helix aspersa has an unusual mating system. Each individual is a hermaphrodite, producing both sperm and eggs, but the truly bizarre part is that these snails have evolved a “love dart” with which they try to stab their mate. (If you look closely at the photo of the snails, you can see the love dart protruding through the head of the lower snail.) This love dart is coated with a drug that enhances the amount of sperm that the stabbed snail receives and stores. This storage effect is expected to be greater when the recipient is smaller, because the relative dose would therefore be larger. Rogers and Chase (2001) measured the size of stabbed snails (i.e., the volume of their shells) and the number of stabber sperm that were stored. Is the size of the recipient snail correlated with the amount of sperm it stores? The data are listed in the table provided. The table also gives two computer-generated data sets. One of the computer-generated data sets was created by a bootstrap procedure that resampled the observed data, and the other was made by a permutation procedure (see Chapter 13).

a. Could “computer-generated data A” have been created for a bootstrap estimate? Describe how you determined this.

b. Could “computer-generated data B” have been created for a bootstrap estimate? Describe how you determined this.

c. What statistic should be used on these data to measure whether snail size is correlated with the number of sperm stored?