Suppose that the graph of is given. Describe how the graphs of the following functions can be obtained from the graph of
(a) y = f(x) + 8
(b) y = f(x + 8)
(c) y = 1 + 2 f (x)
(d) y = f(x - 2) - 2
(e) y = -f(x)
(f) y = f-1 (x)