The endorphins released by the brain act as natural painkillers. For example, Gintzler (1980) monitored endorphin activity and pain thresholds in pregnant rats during the days before they gave birth. The data showed an increase in pain threshold as the pregnancy progressed. The change was gradual until 1 or 2 days before birth, at which point there was an abrupt increase in pain threshold. Apparently a natural painkilling mechanism was preparing the animals for the stress of giving birth. The following data represent pain-threshold scores similar to the results obtained by Gintzler. Do these data indicate a significant change in pain threshold? Use a repeatedmeasures ANOVA with α =.01.

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Days Before Giving Birth Subject 40 39 46 42 39 38 49 52 40 34 50 46 41 60 56 52