The reaction of ninhydrin with an ?-amino acid occurs in several steps. (a) The first step is

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The reaction of ninhydrin with an ?-amino acid occurs in several steps.

(a) The first step is formation of an imine by reaction of the amino acid with ninhydrin. Show its structure and the mechanism of its formation.

(b) The second step is a decarboxylation. Show the structure of the product and the mechanism of the decarboxylation reaction.

(c) The third step is hydrolysis of an imine to yield an amine and an aldehyde. Show the structures of both products and the mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction.

(d) The final step is formation of the purple anion. Show the mechanism of the reaction.

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