The study described above was actually carried out on four pairs of connected rats. The table below summarizes the results from the 200 (50 × 4) trials.

The value of χ2s = 11.66 and the corresponding P-value is 0.001, suggesting there is very strong evidence that the accuracy of the decoder is linked to the accuracy of the encoder. Briefly explain why the validity of this χ2 test is questionable.

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Decoder Decoder Encoder correct Encoder wrong Total correct 112 21 133 wrong 42 25 67 Total 154 46 200