This table shows percentages of men and women employed in four industries.13

(a) Is there association between the gender of the employee and the industry? How can you tell?
(b) Interpret the association (or lack thereof).
(c) Find the chi-squared statistic and Cramer€™s V if these data were derived from n = 400 employees, with 100 in each industry. Repeat the process for data derived from n = 1,600 employees, with 400 in each industry. Which statistic changes? Which remains the same?

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Industry Advertising Book publishing Law firms Investrment banking Men 34% 40% 38% 60% Women 66% 60% 62% 40%