Two researchers are both interested in the relationship between caffeine consumption and activity level for elementary school children. Each obtains a sample of n = 20 children.
a. The first researcher interviews each child to determine the level of caffeine consumption. The researcher then records the level of activity for each child during a 30-minute session on the playground. Is this an experimental or a non-experimental study? Explain your answer.
b. The second researcher separates the children into two roughly equivalent groups. The children in one group are given a drink containing 300 mg of caffeine and the other group gets a drink with no caffeine. The researcher then records the level of activity for each child during a 30-minute session on the playground. Is this an experimental or a non-experimental study? Explain your answer.