Water is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor power cycle. Saturated liquid enters the boiler at a pressure of 10 MPa, and saturated vapor enters the turbine. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa. The effects of irreversibilities in the adiabatic expansion and the compression processes are taken into consideration. The turbine and pump efficiencies are 80% and 75%, respectively. Determine
(a) The heat transfer (q) to the working fluid per unit mass passing through the boiler in kJ/kg and
(b) The heat transfer (q) from the working fluid per unit mass passing through the condenser in kJ/kg.
(c) The thermal efficiency (ηth),
(d) The back-work ratio,