You are interested in studying the variability of crimes committed (including violent and property crimes) and police expenditures in the eastern and Midwestern United States. The U.S. Census Bureau collected the following statistics on these two variables for 21 states in the East and Midwest in 2008.

a Limited data for Illinois during 2008 were available.
b Limited data for Minnesota during 2008 were available.
The SPSS output showing the mean and the standard deviation for both variables is presented below.

a. What are the means? The standard deviations?
b. Compare the mean with the standard deviation for each variable. Does there appear to be more variability in the number of crimes or in police expenditures per capita in these states? Which states contribute more to this greater variability?
c. Suggest why one variable has more variability than the other. In other words, what social forces would cause one variable to have a relatively large standard deviation?

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Numher of Crimes per 100,000 Population 2583 2,384 2.761 2,860 3,098 2,798 2.407 2,618 2,842 3.982 3.947 3,498 3,492 3,047 2,893 2,820 4,188 2343 2,181 3,275 3,800 Police Protection Expenditures (in millions of dollars) 233 317 141 1,843 317 996 8,164 3,087 2,840 3,157 1,223 4,242 2.425 1,552 1,527 614 1632 120 141 528 684 State Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jerscy Pennsylvania Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota lowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std Deviation 583.004 Number of Crimes per 100,000 Population Police Protection Expenditures (in millions of dollars) Valid N (gistwise 21 2181 4188 3038.90 8164 1703.95 1895.214 21 120 21