Acetaldehyde is synthesized by the catalytic dehydrogenization of ethanol: C₂H₅OH ? CH₃CHO + H_2?Fresh feed (pure ethanol) is blended with a recycle stream (95 mole% ethanol and 5% acetaldehyde), and the combined stream is heated and vaporized, entering the reactor at 280?C. Gases leaving the reactor are cooled to ?40?C to condense the acetaldehyde and un-reacted ethanol. Off-gas from the condenser is sent to a scrubber, where the uncondensed organic compounds are removed and hydrogen is recovered as a by-product. The condensate from the condenser, which is 45 mole% ethanol is sent to a distillation column that produces a distillate containing 97 mole% acetaldehyde and a bottoms product that constitutes the recycle blended with fresh feed to the process. The production rate of the distillate is 1000 kg/h. The pressure throughout the process may be taken as 1 atm absolute.

(a) Calculate the molar flow rates (k mol/h) of the fresh feed, the recycle stream, and the hydrogen in the off-gas. Also determine the volumetric flow rate (m3/h) of the feed to the reactor. (Suggestion: Use Raoult?s law in the analysis of the condenser.)

(b) Estimate (I) the overall and single-pass conversions of ethanol and (ii) me rates (k mol/h) at which ethanol and acetaldehyde are sent to the scrubber.

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Feed: C₂H₂OH(1) CONDENSER REACTOR Reactor output: H₂, C₂H₂OH(v), CH3CHO(v) Off-gas to scrubber Condensate 45 mole% C₂H5OH(1) 55 mole% CH3CHO(I) Recycle 95 mole % C₂H₂OH(!) 5 mole% CH,CHO(1) CONDENSER Distillate 97 mole % CH3CHO(1) DISTILLATION COLUMN REBOILER