An investment requires an outlay of $100 and produces after-tax cash flows of $40 annually for four years. A project enhancement increases the required outlay by $15 and the annual after-tax cash flows by $5. How will the enhancement affect the project’s NPV profile? The vertical intercept of the NPV profile of the project shift s:

a. Up and the horizontal intercept shift s left.

b. Up and the horizontal intercept shift s right.

c. Down and the horizontal intercept shift s left.

d. Down and the horizontal intercept shift s right.