Benton Corporation produces two grades of wine from grapes that it buys from California growers. It produces and sells roughly 3,000,000 liters per year of a low-cost, high-volume product called CoolDay. It sells this in 600,000 5-liter jugs. Benton also produces and sells roughly 300,000 liters per year of a low-volume, high-cost product called LiteMist. LiteMist is sold in 1-liter bottles. Based on recent data, the CoolDay product has not been as profitable as LiteMist. Management is considering dropping the inexpensive CoolDay line so it can focus more attention on the LiteMist product. The LiteMist product already demands considerably more attention than the CoolDay line. Jack Eller, president and founder of Benton, is skeptical about this idea. He points out that for many decades the company produced only the CoolDay line, and that it was always quite profitable. It wasn't until the company started producing the more complicated LiteMist wine that the profitability of CoolDay declined. Prior to the introduction of LiteMist, the company had simple equipment, simple growing and production procedures, and virtually no need for quality control. Because LiteMist is bottled in 1-liter bottles, it requires considerably more time and effort, both to bottle and to label and box than does CoolDay. The company must bottle and handle 5 times as many bottles of LiteMist to sell the same quantity as CoolDay. CoolDay requires 1 month of aging; LiteMist requires 1 year. CoolDay requires cleaning and inspection of equipment every 10,000 liters; LiteMist requires such maintenance every 600 liters. Jack has asked the accounting department to prepare an analysis of the cost per liter using the traditional costing approach and using activity-based costing. The following information was collected.

Instructions
Answer each of the following questions. (Round all calculations to three decimal places.)
(a) Under traditional product costing using direct labor hours, compute the total manufacturing cost per liter of both products.
(b) Under ABC, prepare a schedule showing the computation of the activity-based overhead rates (per cost driver).
(c) Prepare a schedule assigning each activity's overhead cost pool to each product, based on the use of cost drivers. Include a computation of overhead cost per liter.
(d) Compute the total manufacturing cost per liter for both products under ABC.
(e) Write a memo to Jack Eller discussing the implications of your analysis for the company's plans. In this memo, provide a brief description of ABC as well as an explanation of how the traditional approach can result indistortions.

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Direct materials per liter Direct labor cost per liter Direct labor hours per liter Total direct labor hours CoolDa 0.40 0.25 0.05 150,000 Lite Mist $1.20 $0.50 0.09 27,000 Expected Expected Use of Cost Drivers Estimated Cost r Product Activity Cost Pools Cost Drivers Overhead Drivers CoolDay LiteMist Grape processing Aging Bottling and Cart Total months Number of of grapes 145,860 6,600 6,000 396,000 6,600,000 3,000,000 3,600,000 270,000 900,000 600,000 300,000 189,000 900,000 600,000 300,000 450 Labeling and Number of boxing bottles Number of Maintain and inspect equipment inspections 240,800 800 350 1,241,660