Congress passed the Inventors' Rights Act of 1999 to protect inventors from invention promotion scams. The Act authorized the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to publicize complaints it receives against promoters who tell inventors to bring their inventions to be marketed on behalf of the inventor-for a fee, of course.
The PTO began public ads to alert the public to "invention promotion scams." One stated, "Make sure your ideas-and your money- don't wash away. To learn more, call the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office toll free." One had a testimonial from a person named Lewis who spent $13,000 with an invention promoter who produced nothing.

1. The appeals court held that the courts do not have jurisdiction to review matters such as advertising campaigns by agencies that highlight legal issues. Why did it instruct the district court to vacate its order?
2. Why does the court say this belongs in the political arena and not the courts?