Gaussian surface 1 has twice the area of Gaussian surface 2. Both surfaces enclose the same charge Q.
(a) Is the electric flux through surface 1 greater than, less than, or the same as the electric flux through surface 2?
(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following:
I. Gaussian surface 2 is closer to the charge, since it has the smaller area. It follows that it has the greater electric flux.
II. The two surfaces enclose the same charge, and hence they have the same electric flux.
III. Electric flux is proportional to area. As a result, Gaussian surface 1 has the greater electric flux.