In several of the above exercises, we have indicated that an infinite series 1/(1+r )+1/(1+r )2 +1/(1+r

Question:

In several of the above exercises, we have indicated that an infinite series 1/(1+r )+1/(1+r )2 +1/(1+r )3 +... sums to 1/r . This can (and has, in some of the B-parts of exercises above) been used to calculate the value of an that pays x per year starting next year and continuing every year eternally as x/r A: Knowing the information above, we can use a trick to calculate the value of annuities that do not go on forever. For this example, consider an that pays $10,000 per year for 10 years beginning next year, and assume r = 0.1.
(a) First, calculate the value of an that begins paying $10,000 next year and then every year thereafter (without end).
(b) Next, suppose you are given such an in 10 years; i.e. suppose you know that the first payment will come 11 years from now. What is the consumption value of such an today?
(c) Now consider this: Think of the 10-year as the difference between an infinitely lasting that starts making payments next year and an infinitely lasting that starts
11 years from now. What is the 10-year worth when you think of it in these terms?
(d) Calculate the value of the same 10-year without using the trick above. Do you get the same answer?
B: Now consider more generally an that pays x every year beginning next year for a period of n years when the interest rate is r . Denote the value of such an as y(x,n,r).
(a) Derive the general formula for y(x,n,r ) by using the trick described in part A.
(b) Apply the formula to the following example: You are about to retire and have $2,500,000 in your retirement fund. You can take it all out as a lump sum, or you can choose to take an that will pay you (and your heirs if you pass away) $x per year (starting next year) for the next 30 years. What is the least x has to be in order for you to choose the over the lump sum payment assuming an interest rate of 6%.
(c) Apply the formula to another example: You can think of banks as accepting annuities when they give you a mortgage. Suppose you determine you would be able to pay at most $10,000 per year in mortgage payments. Assuming an interest rate of 10%, what is the most the bank will lend you on a 30-year mortgage (where the mortgage payments are made annually beginning 1 year from now)?
(e) Can this explain how people in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s were able to finance increased current consumption as interest rates fell?
Annuity
An annuity is a series of equal payment made at equal intervals during a period of time. In other words annuity is a contract between insurer and insurance company in which insurer make a lump-sum payment or a series of payment and, in return,...