Opticom, Inc. a manufacturer of fiber optic communications equipment, uses a j ob-order costing system. Since the production process is heavily automated, manufacturing overhead is applied on the basis of machine hours using a predetermined overhead rate. The current annual rate of $30 per machine hour is based on budgeted manufacturing overhead costs of $2,400,000 and a budgeted activity level of 80,000 machine hours (the company’s estimated practical capacity). Operations for the year have been completed, and all of the accounting entries have been made for the year except the application of manufacturing overhead to the jobs worked on during December, the transfer of costs from Work in Process to Finished Goods for the jobs completed in December, and the transfer of costs from Finished Goods to Cost of Goods Sold for the jobs that have been sold during December. Summarized data as of November 30 and for the month of December are presented in the following table. Jobs T11-007, N11-013, and N11-015 were completed during December. All completed jobs except Job N11-013 had been turned over to customers by the close of business on December 31.

Account Balances at Beginning of Year January 1
Raw-material inventory*................................................................$210,000
Work-in-process inventory............................................................. 120,000
Finished-goods inventory............................................................... 250,000
*Raw material purchases and raw-material inventory consist of both direct and indirect materials. The balance of the Raw-Material Inventory account as of December 31 of the year just completed is $170,000.

Required:
1. Explain why manufacturers use a predetermined overhead rate to apply manufacturing overhead to their jobs.
2. How much manufacturing overhead would Opticom have applied to jobs through November 30 of the year just completed?
3. How much manufacturing overhead would have been applied to jobs during December of the year just completed?
4. Determine the amount by which manufacturing overhead is overapplied or underapplied as of December 31 of the year just completed.
5. Determine the balance in the Finished-Goods Inventory account on December 31 of the year just completed.
6. Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured for Opticom, Inc. for the year just completed.
(CMA,adapted)

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Work-in-Process November 30 $174,000 110,000 Material $284,000 $190,000 $160,000 December Activity Operating Activity Actual manufacturing overhead incurred: Activity through November 30 Indirect material Total overhead Raw-material purchases Direct-labor costs Machine hours