When calculating EPS: (a) Why is profit available to the common shareholders not always the same as

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When calculating EPS: 

(a) Why is profit available to the common shareholders not always the same as profit? 

(b) Why is the weighted average number of shares used instead of the number of shares issued and outstanding at the end of the year?

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Accounting Principles Volume 2

ISBN: 9781119786634

9th Canadian Edition

Authors: Jerry J. Weygandt, Donald E. Kieso, Paul D. Kimmel, Barbara Trenholm, Valerie Warren, Lori Novak

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